Second new MERS case reported in Jeddah
Today Saudi Arabia's ministry of health (MOH) reported a new MERS-CoV case in the city of Jeddah. The notice came in an epidemiologic week 3 notification.
A 52-year-old man is hospitalized for his MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus) infection. He is listed as a household contact of another case—quite possibly a 75-year-old man from the same city who was hospitalized last week. Neither man had any contact with camels.
The new case likely lifts on the global total since 2012 to 2,286 cases, at least 806 of them fatal. It is the fifth Saudi MERS case of 2019.
Jan 15 MOH update
FDA approves Sanofi Tdap vaccine for repeat vaccination
Sanofi announced yesterday that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved expanded use of its Adacel tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine for repeat vaccination, making it the first to be cleared for that purpose.
The approval for repeat vaccination applies to people ages 10 through 64, 8 or more years after first vaccination. In its statement yesterday, the company said that Adacel is the only Tdap vaccine available in a syringe made without rubber latex, which may reduce the risk for people who have latex allergies.
David Greenberg, MD, Sanofi's regional medical head for North America, said in the statement that despite strong vaccination programs for young adolescents, a single Tdap immunization doesn't offer lifetime protection against pertussis because of waning immunity. "The licensure of Adacel as the first Tdap vaccine in the U.S. for repeat vaccination is an important step for eligible patients and offers flexibility for health care providers to help manage their immunization schedules," he added.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention currently recommends a single dose of Tdap for adolescents and adults, as well as for pregnant women during every pregnancy. Three of four adults, however, have not received the Tdap vaccine.
Jan 14 Sanofi press release
Analysts tracking signs of North Korea bioweapons advances
North Korea's capacity to pursue biological weapons is increasing rapidly, and the global threat could be greater than the country's nuclear program, the New York Times reported today, based on a recent report from the Middlebury Institute of International Studies at Monterey and interviews with experts.
Sources aren't certain how sophisticated North Korea's bioweapons program is, but former Pentagon intelligence official Anthony Cordesman told the Times that it has made great strides in technical areas needed to produce biological agents.
South Korean military assessments have identified at least 10 sites in North Korea that could be involved in developing and making several biological agents, but US intelligence officials have not publicly endorse the findings, and the Trump administration has apparently not specifically addressed the topic in recent nuclear talks.
According to the Times, scientists from North Korea have received advanced microbiological training in Asia and Europe. Also, defectors have described testing of agents on political prisoners, and some have tested positive for smallpox antibodies, hinting that they were either exposed or immunized.
An internet search team analysis has found web searchers from North Korea seeking information about advanced gene and biologic research, and the Middlebury report flagged at least 100 research papers with implications for military purposes, written by scientists from North Korea other countries, that may violate international sanctions.
Current and former federal officials told the Times that federal spending on biodefense preparedness has tapered off in recent years, raising concerns that the United States isn't prepared for a deliberate or natural event involving a biologic agent.
The Times report echoes concerns raised by sources in the intelligence community that were detailed in a 2017 Washington Post story, which spotlighted worrying signs of a North Korean bioweapon buildup.
Jan 15 NY Times story
Dec 11, 2017, CIDRAP News scan
WHO lists 10 threats to global health, aims to improve health for billions
Yesterday the World Health Organization (WHO) officially launched a new 5-year strategic plan, which focuses on 10 global health threats the world faces in 2019 and beyond. Among the 10 are 6 infectious disease threats: pandemic flu, antimicrobial resistance, Ebola and other high-threat pathogens, vaccine hesitancy, dengue, and HIV.
The WHO said the overall goal of the 5-year plan is a triple-billion target, ensuring that 1 billion more people benefit from access to universal health coverage, 1 billion more people are protected from health emergencies, and 1 billion more people enjoy better health and well-being.
Influenza was the highest-listed infectious disease threat on the organization's list. "The world will face another influenza pandemic—the only thing we don't know is when it will hit and how severe it will be," the WHO said. After influenza, the WHO said antimicrobial resistance is a major focus, citing resistance to tuberculosis as one of the most pressing issues in public health.
The ongoing Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and other high-threat pathogens, such as MERS, have prompted the WHO to call 2019 the "Year of action on preparedness for health emergencies." The WHO also noted the global rise of measles and the ongoing transmission of polio as outcomes of growing vaccine hesitancy around the world.
Jan 14 WHO article